Table of Content
1 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Overview
1.1 Product Definition Introduction
1.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis (2020-2032)
1.3 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Status and Development Prospects
1.3.1 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Status
1.3.2 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Industry Development Prospects
1.4 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Overview by Product Segment
1.4.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis by Product Segment: 2020 VS 2025 VS 2032
1.4.2 Casting Process
1.4.3 Forging Process
1.4.4 Semi - Solid Die Forging Process
1.5 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Overview by Product Application
1.5.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis by Product Application: 2020 VS 2025 VS 2032
1.5.2 OEM
1.5.3 Aftermarket
2 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Industry Supply Chain Analysis
2.1 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Supply Chain
2.2 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Industry Upstream Supply Analysis
2.2.1 Upstream Raw Materials Supply Status
2.2.2 Key Raw Material Suppliers
2.3 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Midstream Manufacturers
2.4 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Downstream Customers
2.5 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Channel Analysis
3 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Environment Analysis
3.1 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Industry Policy Analysis
3.2 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Emerging Technology Trends in the Industry
3.3 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Restraining Factors Analysis
3.4 Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Porter's Five Forces Analysis
3.4.1 Competitive Rivalry
3.4.2 Threat of New Entrants
3.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
3.4.4 Bargaining Power of Buyers
3.4.5 Threat of Substitute Products or Services
4 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Manufacturer Competition Landscape
4.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume, Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
4.1.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
4.1.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025)
4.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Position by Key Manufacturers
4.3 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Position by Key Manufacturers
4.4 Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter and Key Area Served
4.5 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Expansion and M&A Dynamic
5 In-depth Analysis of Key Players
5.1 CITIC Dicastal
5.1.1 CITIC Dicastal Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.1.2 CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.1.3 CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.1.4 CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.1.5 CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.2 Ronal Wheels
5.2.1 Ronal Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.2.2 Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.2.3 Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.2.4 Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.2.5 Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.3 Superior Industries
5.3.1 Superior Industries Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.3.2 Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.3.3 Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.3.4 Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.3.5 Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.4 Borbet
5.4.1 Borbet Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.4.2 Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.4.3 Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.4.4 Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.4.5 Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.5 Iochpe-Maxion
5.5.1 Iochpe-Maxion Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.5.2 Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.5.3 Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.5.4 Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.5.5 Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.6 Alcoa
5.6.1 Alcoa Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.6.2 Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.6.3 Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.6.4 Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.6.5 Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.7 Wanfeng Auto
5.7.1 Wanfeng Auto Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.7.2 Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.7.3 Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.7.4 Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.7.5 Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.8 Uniwheel Group
5.8.1 Uniwheel Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.8.2 Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.8.3 Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.8.4 Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.8.5 Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.9 Lizhong Group
5.9.1 Lizhong Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.9.2 Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.9.3 Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.9.4 Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.9.5 Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.10 Topy Group
5.10.1 Topy Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.10.2 Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.10.3 Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.10.4 Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.10.5 Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.11 Enkei Wheels
5.11.1 Enkei Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.11.2 Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.11.3 Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.11.4 Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.11.5 Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.12 Zhejiang Jinfei
5.12.1 Zhejiang Jinfei Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.12.2 Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.12.3 Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.12.4 Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.12.5 Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.13 Accuride
5.13.1 Accuride Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.13.2 Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.13.3 Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.13.4 Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.13.5 Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.14 YHI
5.14.1 YHI Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.14.2 YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.14.3 YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.14.4 YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.14.5 YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.15 Yueling Wheels
5.15.1 Yueling Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.15.2 Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.15.3 Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.15.4 Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.15.5 Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.16 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels
5.16.1 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.16.2 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.16.3 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.16.4 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.16.5 Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
5.17 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts
5.17.1 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
5.17.2 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
5.17.3 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue, Sales Volume, Price and Gross Margin Analysis (2021-2025)
5.17.4 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
5.17.5 Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
6 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis by Regions, by Product Segment and Application
6.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast by Region: 2020 VS 2025 VS 2032
6.1.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Region (2020-2025)
6.1.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
6.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Analysis
6.2.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Region (2020-2025)
6.2.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
6.3 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
6.3.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast by Product Segment
6.3.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast by Product Segment
6.4 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
6.4.1 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast by Product Application
6.4.2 Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast by Product Application
7 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
7.1 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
7.1.1 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
7.1.2 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
7.1.3 U.S.
7.1.4 Canada
7.2 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
7.2.1 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
7.2.2 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
7.3 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
7.3.1 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
7.3.2 North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
8 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
8.1 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
8.1.1 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
8.1.2 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
8.1.3 Germany
8.1.4 France
8.1.5 United Kingdom
8.1.6 Italy
8.1.7 Spain
8.1.8 Benelux
8.2 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
8.2.1 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
8.2.2 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
8.3 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
8.3.1 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
8.3.2 Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
9 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
9.1 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
9.1.1 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue and Growth Forecast (2020-2032)
9.1.2 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Growth Forecast (2020-2032)
9.2 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
9.2.1 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
9.2.2 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
9.3 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
9.3.1 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
9.3.2 China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
10 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
10.1 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
10.1.1 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
10.1.2 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
10.1.3 Japan
10.1.4 South Korea
10.1.5 India
10.1.6 Southeast Asia
10.1.7 Australia
10.2 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
10.2.1 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
10.2.2 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
10.3 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
10.3.1 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
10.3.2 Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
11 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
11.1 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
11.1.1 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
11.1.2 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
11.1.3 Mexico
11.1.4 Brazil
11.2 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
11.2.1 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
11.2.2 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
11.3 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
11.3.1 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
11.3.2 Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
12 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Analysis
12.1 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Prospects
12.1.1 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
12.1.2 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast by Countries (2020-2032)
12.1.3 Saudi Arabia
12.1.4 South Africa
12.2 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Segment (2020-2032)
12.2.1 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
12.2.2 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Segment
12.3 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Product Application (2020-2032)
12.3.1 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
12.3.2 Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast Analysis by Product Application
13 Research Conclusion
14 Appendix
14.1 Methodology/Research Approach
14.2 Research Landscape
14.3 Research Benchmark and Hypothesis
14.4 Data Source
14.4.1 Primary Sources
14.4.2 Secondary Sources
14.5 Data Cross Validation
14.6 Disclaimer

Table 1:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Segment Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis (2020 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Table 2:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis by Application (2020 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Table 3:Key Raw Materials and Market Concentration
Table 4:Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Raw Material Suppliers and Contact Information
Table 5:Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Downstream Customers List
Table 6:Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Distributors/Dealers List
Table 7:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 8:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Key Manufacturers (2021-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 9:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Position by Key Manufacturers
Table 10:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Position by Key Manufacturers
Table 11:Global Key Manufacturers Headquarter and Key Area Served
Table 12:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Expansion and M&A Dynamic
Table 13:CITIC Dicastal Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 14:CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 15:CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 16:CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 17:CITIC Dicastal Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 18:Ronal Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 19:Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 20:Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 21:Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 22:Ronal Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 23:Superior Industries Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 24:Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 25:Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 26:Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 27:Superior Industries Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 28:Borbet Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 29:Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 30:Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 31:Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 32:Borbet Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 33:Iochpe-Maxion Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 34:Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 35:Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 36:Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 37:Iochpe-Maxion Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 38:Alcoa Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 39:Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 40:Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 41:Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 42:Alcoa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 43:Wanfeng Auto Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 44:Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 45:Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 46:Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 47:Wanfeng Auto Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 48:Uniwheel Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 49:Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 50:Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 51:Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 52:Uniwheel Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 53:Lizhong Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 54:Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 55:Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 56:Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 57:Lizhong Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 58:Topy Group Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 59:Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 60:Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 61:Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 62:Topy Group Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 63:Enkei Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 64:Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 65:Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 66:Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 67:Enkei Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 68:Zhejiang Jinfei Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 69:Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 70:Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 71:Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 72:Zhejiang Jinfei Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 73:Accuride Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 74:Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 75:Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 76:Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 77:Accuride Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 78:YHI Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 79:YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 80:YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 81:YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 82:YHI Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 83:Yueling Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 84:Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 85:Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 86:Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 87:Yueling Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 88:Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 89:Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 90:Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 91:Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 92:Zhongnan Aluminum Wheels Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 93:Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Basic Information (Total Revenue, Employees, Main Business, Service Area and Contact Information)
Table 94:Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Features
Table 95:Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Revenue (Million USD), Sales Volume (K Unit), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2021-2025)
Table 96:Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Product Segment
Table 97:Guangdong Dcenti Auto-Parts Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue by Region
Table 98:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast by Region (2020 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Table 99:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Region (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 100:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 101:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Region (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 102:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
Table 103:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales by Region (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 104:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2020-2025)
Table 105:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Region (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 106:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share Forecast by Region (2026-2032)
Table 107:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 108:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 109:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 110:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 111:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 112:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 113:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 114:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 115:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Countries (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 116:North AmericaVehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 117:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Countries (2020-2025) & K Unit)
Table 118:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 119:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 120:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 121:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 122:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 123:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 124:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 125:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 126:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 127:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Countries (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 128:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 129:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Countries (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 130:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 131:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 132:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 133:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 134:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 135:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 136:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 137:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 138:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 139:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 140:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 141:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 142:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 143:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 144:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 145:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 146:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 147:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Countries (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 148:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 149:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Countries (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 150:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 151:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 152:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 153:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 154:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 155:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 156:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 157:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 158:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 159:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Countries (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 160:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 161:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Countries (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 162:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 163:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 164:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 165:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 166:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 167:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 168:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 169:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 170:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 171:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Countries (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 172:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 173:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Countries (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 174:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Countries (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 175:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 176:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Segment (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 177:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Segment (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 178:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Segment (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 179:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue by Product Application (2020-2025) & (Million USD)
Table 180:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (Million USD)
Table 181:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume by Product Application (2020-2025) & (K Unit)
Table 182:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume Forecast by Product Application (2026-2032) & (K Unit)
Table 183:Secondary Sources

Figure 1:Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Scope
Figure 2:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast Analysis (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 3:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume and Growth Forecast Analysis (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 4:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Segment Market Share (2025 & 2032)
Figure 5:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Product Application Market Share (2025 & 2032)
Figure 6:Casting Process Product Scope
Figure 7:Forging Process Product Scope
Figure 8:Semi - Solid Die Forging Process Product Scope
Figure 9:OEM Product Scope
Figure 10:Aftermarket Product Scope
Figure 11:Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Industrial Chain Framework
Figure 12:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market by Geographic Segmentation in 2025
Figure 13:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Share by Region (2020 VS 2025)
Figure 14:Global Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Region (2020 VS 2025)
Figure 15:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 16:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 17:North America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 18:U.S. Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 19:U.S. Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 20:Canada Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 21:Canada Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 22:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 23:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 24:Europe Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 25:Germany Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 26:Germany Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 27:France Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 28:France Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 29:United Kingdom Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 30:United Kingdom Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 31:Italy Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 32:Italy Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 33:Spain Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 34:Spain Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 35:Benelux Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 36:Benelux Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 37:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 38:China Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Growth Forecast (K Unit)
Figure 39:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 40:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 41:Asia Pacific (excl. China) Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 42:Japan Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 43:Japan Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 44:South Korea Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 45:South Korea Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 46:India Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 47:India Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 48:Southeast Asia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 49:Southeast Asia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 50:Australia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 51:Australia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 52:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 53:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 54:Latin America Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 55:Mexico Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 56:Mexico Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 57:Brazil Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 58:Brazil Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 59:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Size and Growth Forecast (2024 VS 2025 VS 2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 60:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Revenue Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 61:Middle East and Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Sales Volume Market Share by Countries (2025 VS 2032)
Figure 62:Saudi Arabia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 63:Saudi Arabia Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 64:South Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Revenue and Forecast (2020-2032) & (Million USD)
Figure 65:South Africa Vehicle Aluminum Wheels Market Sales Volume and Forecast (2020-2032) & (K Unit)
Figure 66:Research Methodology
Figure 67:Primary Sources
Figure 68:Data Cross Validation